Understanding Menstrual Cramps
Menstrual cramps, medically known as dysmenorrhea, is a common complaint characterised
by pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, pelvis, and sometimes lower back
just before or during menstruation. The pain ranges from mild discomfort to
severe pain and can significantly disrupt daily life. In this blog, we will
talk about what causes menstrual cramps, explore various management techniques,
and offer tips for finding relief.
What causes Menstrual Cramps?
- Uterine Contractions: The uterus contracts to help shed its lining during menstruation. These contractions can cause pain when they are strong and coordinated.
- Prostaglandins: The release of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances, triggers uterine contractions and inflammation, contributing to cramp pain.
Types of Menstrual Cramps
There are two types of menstrual cramps or dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary.
1. Primary Dysmenorrhea
This is the most common type and occurs without any underlying medical condition. It usually starts one or two days before your period and eases as your flow becomes heavier. These cramps happen because of special chemicals called prostaglandins made in your uterus lining. Prostaglandins make your uterus muscles tighten and cause blood vessels to squeeze. When your period starts, there are lots of prostaglandins, so you feel more cramps. As your period goes on and your uterus lining comes out, the prostaglandins decrease, and that's why your cramps usually get better after a couple of days.
2. Secondary Dysmenorrhea
This type is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as endometriosis or fibroids. Pain often starts earlier in the menstrual cycle and tends to get worse over time and it often lasts longer than normal menstrual cramps. For instance, the discomfort might start a few days prior to the onset of your period. It could intensify as your period progresses and might persist even after your period has concluded.
How long does period pain last?
The pain could last for
1-3 days each month. And should improve when pain-relief medications are taken.
However, if period pain lasts longer than that or disrupts your daily life,
talk to your doctor.
Symptoms of period pain
Symptoms may include:
- cramping in your pelvic area
- headaches
- pain in your stomach, lower back and legs
- feeling sick
- diarrhoea or constipation
- premenstrual symptoms – such as sore breasts and a swollen abdomen
- pain for the first 2 or 3 days of your period.
You may have stronger pain on the first day of your period and some blood clots.
How to manage period pains
Period pains can be challenging but there are strategies can help manage and alleviate the discomfort
- Over-the-Counter Pain Relief: Non-prescription pain relievers like ibuprofen or naproxen can help reduce inflammation and alleviate cramp pain. Always follow the recommended dosages or consult your doctor.
- Heat Therapy: Applying a heating pad or hot water bottle to your lower abdomen can relax the muscles and relieve pain. Warm baths or showers may also be soothing.
- Dietary Changes: Reduce or avoid caffeine, alcohol, and salty foods, as they can exacerbate bloating and discomfort. Opt for a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity can help reduce the severity of cramps by promoting blood flow and releasing endorphins, the body's natural painkillers.
- Relaxation Techniques: Practices like yoga, deep breathing exercises, and meditation can help reduce stress and tension, which may exacerbate cramps.
- Prescription Medications: For severe cramps not responsive to over-the-counter medications, your healthcare provider may prescribe stronger pain relievers or hormonal treatments.
- Alternative Therapies: Some women find relief through acupuncture, acupressure, TENS therapy or dietary supplements like magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids.
Over-the-Counter Medications & Treatments are available at medcart.com.au
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most menstrual cramps are manageable with the above techniques, it's essential to consult a healthcare provider if you experience:
- Severe or worsening pain.
- Cramps that do not respond to over-the-counter medications.
- Irregular menstrual cycles.
- Heavy menstrual bleeding.
- Other unusual symptoms, such as fever or digestive issues.
Where to get help
- Your GP (doctor)
- Gynaecologist
Bottom Line
In conclusion, menstrual cramps, though a common part of many women's lives,
can vary in intensity and duration. Understanding the causes and various
management techniques is crucial to finding relief and ensuring a smoother
menstrual experience. Remember that what works best may vary from person to
person, so don't hesitate to try different methods until you find the ones that
work best for you. If in doubt or experiencing severe pain, consult a
healthcare professional for guidance and appropriate treatment options.
Sources:
1. Better Health Channel
