Introduction
Crutches are another type of mobility assistive device for individuals with difficulty in walking, recovering from certain injuries or with health issues. By using crutches, the body weight is transferred from the legs to the torso and arms, providing mobility assistance to those with lower extremity injuries and/or neurological impairment. In this blog, we will share the different types of crutches and their common uses.
Different types of Crutches
Like any other mobility devices, there are various types of crutches available for different individuals. These are:
Axillary Crutches - axillary crutches are the most common type and the easiest to use. The design is intended to transfer most of the user’s body weight to the arms and torso. The majority of healthcare institutions send patients home with axillary crutches for immediate utilisation upon discharge. However, it is not ideal for individuals with wrist problems, weak upper body strength, or impairment of coordination.
Forearm Crutches - forearm crutches are ideal for long term use. The design is intended to transfer the weight of the user mainly to their entire upper arms, which requires adequate upper body strength to use the crutches properly. It is also a good choice for those who want to increase physical activity or involvement in sports.
Platform Crutches - platform crutches are the least popular. The design is intended to transfer the weight of the user mainly to their forearms. The platform gives more stability compared to the axilla and forearm crutches, however, less maneuverability. Platform crutches are designed for extended use and can be chosen as an option by individuals with enduring disabilities caused by severe neurological impairment in their lower extremities, leading to decreased stability.
How to use different types of Crutches?
All crutches should undergo proper fitting to the user to avoid serious injury. Article retrieved from NIH National Library of Medicine.
Axilla crutches: The shoulder pad should sit 2 inches (2 finger widths) below the axilla when the shoulder is relaxed. The hand grip should be adjusted to allow for a 30-degree flexion to the elbow. The crutch should sit about 6 inches outside of your feet, with instruction provided not to rest the axilla directly on the shoulder pad.
Forearm crutches: The hand grip should allow for 30-degrees of elbow flexion. The cuff should be 1.5 inches below the elbow, and the crutch should sit 4 inches outside of the patient's feet.
Platform crutches: The platform can vary by design from a flat surface with hand grips to a fully adjustable composite with elbow guards and hand grips. The fitting should ensure that the angulation promotes stability and does not allow for elbow rubbing.
Bottom Line
Crutches provide essential assistance and support for individuals with injuries or disabilities affecting their mobility. Understanding the different types of crutches and how to use them correctly is crucial for a safe and effective recovery process. Whether you opt for axillary crutches, forearm crutches, or platform crutches, it is important to adjust them properly, maintain good posture, and practice a consistent walking pattern. Remember to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable crutch type for your specific needs. With the right knowledge and technique, crutches can greatly enhance your mobility and aid in a successful recovery journey.
Source:
- NIH National Library of Medicine. (n.d.) Crutches. Retrieved on June 27, 2023 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539724/
